The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Aims
To estimate the association between punitive policies for women with substance use during pregnancy and odds of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis among Medicaid‐insured infants, and to estimate this association controlling for the presence of four other policies related to substance use in pregnancy.
Design, Setting and Participants
Analysis of live births in Medicaid claims data...
Aim
To identify the main trajectories of alcohol misuse among UK military personnel from 12 years after the start of the Iraq war (2003) and the factors associated with each trajectory.
Design
Longitudinal cohort study with three phases of data collection (2004–06, 2007–09 and 2014–16).
Setting
United Kingdom.
Participants
Serving and ex‐serving personnel of the UK Armed Forces (n = 7111) participating...
Background and Aims
The alcohol harm paradox (AHP) posits that disadvantaged groups suffer from higher rates of alcohol‐related harm compared with advantaged groups, despite reporting similar or lower levels of consumption on average. The causes of this relationship remain unclear. This study aimed to identify explanations proposed for the AHP. Secondary aims were to review the existing evidence...
Aims
To investigate whether reduction in opioid use differs when treated by either buprenorphine–naloxone (BUP) or methadone (MET) among adults with comorbid opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders.
Design, Setting and Participants
In a randomized controlled trial, adults with OUD were randomized to 24 weeks of either BUP or MET treatment and were followed up in 3‐yearly assessments. The...
Background and aims
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid used in rituals of the African Bwiti tribe. It is also used in non‐medical settings to treat addiction. However, ibogaine has been linked to several deaths, mainly due to cardiac events called torsades des pointes preceded by QTc prolongation as well as other safety concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiac, cerebellar and psychomimetic...
Methamphetamine (MA) is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the world, after cannabis. There are limited data on the outcomes of pregnant MA users but there is rapidly emerging evidence to suggest that they are more vulnerable, marginalized and impoverished compared with other drug‐using mothers. MA use during pregnancy is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes and significantly higher...
Aims
To examine the longitudinal trajectory of young Texan (US) adults’ electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use from 2014 to 2019, and to determine if there are changes in the trajectory among younger and older young adults post‐2017, when vape pods surged in popularity in the United States.
Design
Nine‐wave longitudinal study, with 6 months between each of the first eight waves and 1 year...
Background and Aims
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with increased risk of non‐fatal suicide attempt. We aimed to measure the strength and mechanistic nature of the association between AUD and increased suicide attempt and determine any causal pathways and/or shared risk factors.
Design
We used Cox proportional hazards models in population‐level and co‐relative analyses to evaluate the...
Background and Aims
Estonia has one of the highest alcohol‐attributable mortality rates within the European Union. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of an on‐line self‐help intervention to reduce problem drinking at the population level.
Design
On‐line open randomized controlled trial with an 8‐week intervention and an active control group (intervention n = 303, control n = 286)...
Background and aims
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed medications for patients with anxiety/depression. These patients often have problems with substance use, but it remains unclear whether the risk of substance misuse is influenced by SSRI treatment. We aimed to determine whether SSRI treatment is associated with a decreased risk of acute substance misuse‐related...
Aims
To identify factors asociated with early and sustained cessation of heavy drinking.
Design
Retrospective cohort study over 5 years.
Setting
Kaiser Permanente Northern California, United States.
Participants
Adults reporting heavy drinking during primary care‐based alcohol screening between 1 June 2013 and 31 May 2014. The sample (n = 85 434) was 40.7% female and 33.8% non‐white; mean age...
Aims
To describe (i) self‐reported changes in drug use and (ii) trends in price, perceived availability, and perceived purity of illicit drugs, among people who regularly use ecstasy/ 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other illicit stimulants in Australia following COVID‐19 and associated restrictions.
Design
Annual interviews with cross‐sectional sentinel samples conducted face‐to‐face...
Background and aims
Prescription drug‐seeking (PDS) from multiple prescribers is a primary means of obtaining prescription opioids; however, PDS behavior has probably evolved in response to policy shifts, and there is little agreement about how to operationalize it. We systematically compared the performance of traditional and novel PDS indicators.
Design
Longitudinal study using a de‐identified...
Aim
To test if there was a reduction in alcohol consumption in wastewater samples in the Northern Territory of Australia after the implementation of a minimum unit alcohol price policy (MUP) in October 2018.
Design, setting, cases
Between August 2016 and February 2020, wastewater samples were collected across 66 sites in the Northern Territory and all other states and territories in Australia....
Background and aims
The majority of smokers accessing the current best treatments continue to smoke. We aimed to test if e‐cigarettes (EC) compared with nicotine replacement treatment (NRT) can help such smokers to reduce smoking.
Design
Randomized controlled trial of EC (n = 68) versus NRT (n = 67) with 6‐month follow‐up.
Setting
Stop smoking service in London, UK.
Participants
A total of...
Aims
To estimate the treated prevalence of mental illness, substance use disorder (SUD) and dual diagnosis and the association between dual diagnosis and fatal and non‐fatal overdose among residents of British Columbia (BC), Canada.
Design
A retrospective cohort study using linked health, income assistance, corrections and death records.
Setting
British Columbia (BC), Canada.
Participants
A...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.